Gajalakshmi
Paramasivam – 30 January 2015
The Tamil Mind
Last night, before retiring to bed here in
Thunaivi, Sri Lanka, I checked my emails one last time. There was one from Sri
Venkateswara Temple, Sydney – regarding Thai Poosam celebrations – on 03
February 2015. Thai Poosam is a special day dedicated to the Tamil Hindu deity Murugan. There was mail from Christopher Pulle – the Lead-Coordinator
of one of my forums. Chris forwarded a message from Dr. Frank Sebestianpillai,
with the following message:
‘Of interest to Gaja Param
and others as well?’
The subject matter was Tamil and is very
relevant to Sri Lanka. The Communication dated 11 April 2000 is appended below.
To my mind, it was no coincidence that this
email of April 2000 arrived last night along with the email regarding Thai
Poosam. Yesterday I was happy to learn about
the appointment of Justice Sripavan as the Chief Justice of Sri Lanka. I felt
part of the appointment due to my own contribution to the Sri Lankan system of
law and order including through the Courts.
Lord Muruga is known as the General of the
Thevar / gods who successfully defeated Soorapathman – the Asura / the
physically driven. Thai Poosam is
related to this victory. Both – the gods
and the Asuras are within us. The higher order of mind helps us enjoy higher
happiness beyond the physical. I felt
that the message from Dr. Sebestianpillai was from Muruga Himself. I identified
with the higher mind of the author due to my belief in Muruga.
I felt overawed by the depth demonstrated
in the communication. To me it is about the mind of those persons who wrote
their experiences. If we are able to appreciate the work that must have gone
into such outcomes – we are connecting to those minds. The more we live through
our higher mind, the more independent we become. That is the life of gods.
Then there is the animal in us – living off
physical powers. They are the Asuras.
Both – the higher mind that has transcended
the physical – as well as the primary level mind that is driven by the physical
– take different forms to the observer.
In the case of the latter, the Asuran in us – is not able to raise the
mind to the higher level – even when the person is an intellectual/academic. One
expects the primary level voter driven by personal benefits – to change the
form of the leader – as has happened in Sri Lanka – not merely because of the
current President and his allies – but also because of the voter looking for
physical power. Mr. Rajapaksa was that leader due to his armed victory over the
LTTE. Now it is more about economic benefits. We have the parallels in the
Tamil Community also.
Soorapathman – the Asura in the Hindu
legend – takes many forms – including that of an elephant. Elephant is known to
have the strongest intellectual power in
the animal kingdom. But when intellectual power is used without paying our
respects to those who made the discoveries that serve and support us today – it is also a physical power known
as hearsay. The mind order of such persons drops to the lowest levels when due
status is not allocated to the original discoverers. LTTE fell due to this and
Mr. Rajapaksa also fell due to his failure to raise his mind order to the
higher level.
Professor Hart states ‘To qualify as a classical tradition, a language must fit several criteria:
it should be ancient, it should be an independent tradition that arose mostly
on its own not as an offshoot of another tradition, and it must have a large
and extremely rich body of ancient literature. Unlike the other modern
languages of India, Tamil meets each of these requirements. It is extremely old
(as old as Latin and older than Arabic); it arose as an entirely independent
tradition, with almost no influence from Sanskrit or other languages; and its
ancient literature is indescribably vast and rich.’
All of the above criteria would fit also
self-governance:
(1)
The practice ought to be ancient
(2)
It should stand on its own
merit and not be an offshoot of another government structure
(3)
It must demonstrate strong connection
to ancestral values.
Thesawalamai Law in terms of marriage and
inheritance is a strong confirmation of self-governance by Tamils. But those who produced physical victories
through use of arms – as an early option – failed to demonstrate their
connection to such ancestry.
In 2009 – I wrote an open letter to LTTE
leader Velupillai Prabhakaran to surrender to Nallur Murugan. I doubt that
Prabhakaran would have seen it. But the LTTE in my mind was influenced by it. Once we surrender to the Higher Power – we would
become Observers. From then on – I became an observer of anyone who claimed to
be LTTE. My mind was no longer influenced by them and v.v. Those who sacrifice earned benefits to help
others – become common system – even when the others do not know it. One who
claims to be of such higher mind would be able to accept such surrender.
If as reported through the ‘White Flag’
matter – LTTE leaders did try to surrender – but were killed in the process –
then to my mind, that is confirmation that the Government Leaders on the other
side – did not have the higher mind to accept that surrender. One who
sacrifices earned benefits, develops the higher mind to bless when the junior
surrenders. One who seeks to win through
competitive action at the same level – would not see value in blessing the
junior. They would prefer the physically visible victory over the other. They
are more like Soorapathmans than like Murugan when they take positions above
the higher minds that sacrificed earned benefits.
LTTE would have resorted
to war as the last option if it had genuinely felt connected to Tamil minds of
ancient times. In the Hindu epic of Mahabharatham – Lord Krishna’s blessings
were sought by the higher minds of the minority side. In contrast, LTTE disconnected itself by punishing
Tamil Political elders. At least from then on LTTE was no longer leading its
followers towards self-governance. Physical level freedom is the best benefit for their followers. Separation and
isolation is necessary to maintain physical freedom in a hierarchical society. This
often happens through obsolete caste system also.
I observe that majority folks who live
around me in Thunaivi – feel ‘free’ to express themselves at the emotional
level. This to a degree was expected – given their low status in the caste
system. But along with them the Vellalar/Farmers who practiced the caste system beyond
functional purposes also separated themselves from these groups. Likewise
Tamils and Sinhalese intellectuals from each other. They may call themselves
nationalists – but self-governance is an essential feature of nationhood. One
who depends on the ‘other side’ to blame – is falling short of this
qualification. Any government formed by either side with such quality – would therefore
be an offshoot of the other.
I am not an expert in Tamil language. But I
fully believe in Murugan – the Tamil Form of God. I am a deep believer in Hindu
pathway to the Higher mind. When I submit and pray to Murugan I believe I connect
to those ancient Tamil minds. Then I live independently – even when I am in
prison. Those who use hearsay above the voice of experience – are likely to pay
lip service to Tamil while claiming to be leaders in the path of self-governance.
This includes intellectuals who fail to attribute to their ancestors. Many such
academics ‘trade’ information. Such academics in Australia sent me to prison
for confirming my mind connection with those who were not physically with me.
The objective pathway to practice democracy does require us to ‘produce’ independent
outcomes. This is in recognition of the younger participants not being able to comprehend
the whole issue due to not having had
the deeper experience. The outcomes produced
by such young participants – need to be separated from the main and managed on ‘project
basis’ – so juniors would be able to see the effects to know the values.
Where such independent outcomes are
produced, the producer needs to stay at that level and not take up position
above higher minds than hers/his. When they do take the higher position and
this is accepted by their community – the standard of the whole goes down and
majority are not able to think beyond their immediate circles. Tamils who
attack such higher minds are damaging their own connection to the root – the Truth
discovered by those who gave us Muruga – the General of gods.
Ultimately – we live off our minds when the
body is weak and diseased. The higher mind would live at the higher level while
the lower mind would look for lower and lower opportunities through which to
enjoy physically. Likewise in a community like Sri Lankan Tamil community – the
higher mind connected to ancient traditions – would be independent whilst the
lower mind would keep demanding more and more benefits to become the offshoot
of another system – possibly Indian Tamil system. When the mind we connect to
is older than our generation – we develop the higher mind. The deeper the root
that supports the outcomes we produce,
the taller our mind.
Soorapthman surrendered to Muruga and
Muruga split him into two and used his head to propagate. Hence the rooster in
Muruga’s flag. The body of the Sooran became the peacock on which Muruga
travels to have independent global view. Pride in ancestry needs to be used as
the vehicle on which one travels to become wholesome and formless.
Appendix
Statement
on the Status of Tamil as a Classical Language
by George Hart
April 11, 2000
Professor
Maraimalai has asked me to write regarding the position of Tamil as a classical
language, and I am delighted to respond to his request.
I have been a
Professor of Tamil at the University of California, Berkeley, since 1975 and am
currently holder of the Tamil Chair at that institution. My degree, which I
received in 1970, is in Sanskrit, from Harvard, and my first employment was as
a Sanskrit professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in 1969. Besides
Tamil and Sanskrit, I know the classical languages of Latin and Greek and have
read extensively in their literatures in the original. I am also
well-acquainted with comparative linguistics and the literatures of modern
Europe (I know Russian, German, and French and have read extensively in those
languages) as well as the literatures of modern India, which, with the
exception of Tamil and some Malayalam, I have read in translation. I have spent
much time discussing Telugu literature and its tradition with V. Narayanarao,
one of the greatest living Telugu scholars, and so I know that tradition
especially well. As a long-standing member of a South Asian Studies department,
I have also been exposed to the richness of both Hindi literature, and I have
read in detail about Mahadevi Varma, Tulsi, and Kabir.
I have spent many
years — most of my life (since 1963) — studying Sanskrit. I have read in the
original all of Kalidasa, Magha, and parts of Bharavi and Sri Harsa. I have
also read in the original the fifth book of the Rig Veda as well as many other
sections, many of the Upanisads, most of the Mahabharata, the Kathasaritsagara,
Adi Sankara’s works, and many other works in Sanskrit.
I say this not
because I wish to show my erudition, but rather to establish my fitness for
judging whether a literature is classical. Let me state unequivocally that, by
any criteria one may choose, Tamil is one of the great classical literatures
and traditions of the world.
The reasons for
this are many; let me consider them one by one.
First, Tamil is of
considerable antiquity. It predates the literatures of other modern Indian
languages by more than a thousand years. Its oldest work, the Tolkappiyam,,
contains parts that, judging from the earliest Tamil inscriptions, date back to
about 200 BCE. The greatest works of ancient Tamil, the Sangam anthologies and
the Pattuppattu, date to the first two centuries of the current era. They are
the first great secular body of poetry written in India, predating Kalidasa’s
works by two hundred years.
Second, Tamil
constitutes the only literary tradition indigenous to India that is not derived
from Sanskrit. Indeed, its literature arose before the influence of Sanskrit in
the South became strong and so is qualitatively different from anything we have
in Sanskrit or other Indian languages. It has its own poetic theory, its own
grammatical tradition, its own esthetics, and, above all, a large body of
literature that is quite unique. It shows a sort of Indian sensibility that is
quite different from anything in Sanskrit or other Indian languages, and it
contains its own extremely rich and vast intellectual tradition.
Third, the quality
of classical Tamil literature is such that it is fit to stand beside the great
literatures of Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Chinese, Persian and Arabic. The
subtlety and profundity of its works, their varied scope (Tamil is the only
premodern Indian literature to treat the subaltern extensively), and their
universality qualify Tamil to stand as one of the great classical traditions
and literatures of the world. Everyone knows the Tirukkural, one of the world’s
greatest works on ethics; but this is merely one of a myriad of major and
extremely varied works that comprise the Tamil classical tradition. There is
not a facet of human existence that is not explored and illuminated by this
great literature.
Finally, Tamil is
one of the primary independent sources of modern Indian culture and tradition.
I have written extensively on the influence of a Southern tradition on the
Sanskrit poetic tradition. But equally important, the great sacred works of
Tamil Hinduism, beginning with the Sangam Anthologies, have undergirded the
development of modern Hinduism. Their ideas were taken into the Bhagavata
Purana and other texts (in Telugu and Kannada as well as Sanskrit), whence they
spread all over India. Tamil has its own works that are considered to be as
sacred as the Vedas and that are recited alongside Vedic mantras in the great
Vaisnava temples of South India (such as Tirupati). And just as Sanskrit is the
source of the modern Indo-Aryan languages, classical Tamil is the source
language of modern Tamil and Malayalam. As Sanskrit is the most conservative
and least changed of the Indo-Aryan languages, Tamil is the most conservative
of the Dravidian languages, the touchstone that linguists must consult to
understand the nature and development of Dravidian.
In trying to
discern why Tamil has not been recognized as a classical language, I can see
only a political reason: there is a fear that if Tamil is selected as a
classical language, other Indian languages may claim similar status. This is an
unnecessary worry. I am well aware of the richness of the modern Indian
languages — I know that they are among the most fecund and productive languages
on earth, each having begotten a modern (and often medieval) literature that
can stand with any of the major literatures of the world. Yet none of them is a
classical language. Like English and the other modern languages of Europe (with
the exception of Greek), they rose on preexisting traditions rather late and
developed in the second millennium. The fact that Greek is universally
recognized as a classical language in Europe does not lead the French or the
English to claim classical status for their languages.
To qualify as a
classical tradition, a language must fit several criteria: it should be
ancient, it should be an independent tradition that arose mostly on its own not
as an offshoot of another tradition, and it must have a large and extremely
rich body of ancient literature. Unlike the other modern languages of India, Tamil
meets each of these requirements. It is extremely old (as old as Latin and
older than Arabic); it arose as an entirely independent tradition, with almost
no influence from Sanskrit or other languages; and its ancient literature is
indescribably vast and rich.
It seems strange to
me that I should have to write an essay such as this claiming that Tamil is a
classical literature — it is akin to claiming that India is a great country or
Hinduism is one of the world’s great religions. The status of Tamil as one of
the great classical languages of the world is something that is patently
obvious to anyone who knows the subject. To deny that Tamil is a classical
language is to deny a vital and central part of the greatness and richness of
Indian culture.
Sincerely,
George L. Hart
Professor of Tamil
Chair in Tamil Studies
Professor of Tamil
Chair in Tamil Studies
Best regards
Dawood